This Article Full Text (PDF) References Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Bearden, W. O. Articles by Nevins, J. L. Search for Related Content Social Bookmarking                         What's this?

A Measure of Long-Term Orientation: Development and Validation

University of South Carolina

R. Bruce Money

Brigham Young University

Jennifer L. Nevins

Appalachian State University

Long-term orientation (LTO) is a salient aspect of national culture values and as such influences consumers'decisionmaking processes. This article describes the development and validation of measures to assess LTO. Scale development procedures resulted in a two-factor, eight-item scale that reflects the tradition and planning aspects of LTO. A program of studies involving more than 2, 000 respondents in four countries demonstrated the psychometric properties of the measures, their discriminant and convergent validities, and the relationship of the measures to other important theoretical concepts (e.g., consumer frugality, compulsive buying, and ethical values). The measures are applicable for investigating individual differences in LTO both within and across cultures.

Key Words: measurement • culture • long-term orientation

Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 34, No. 3, 456-467 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/0092070306286706


CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				G. Brodowsky, N. Granitz, and B. Anderson The Best of Times is Now: A study of the gay subculture's attitudes toward time Time Society, September 1, 2008; 17(2-3): 233 - 260. [Abstract] [PDF]